Go or Rust compiler speeds won't have any effect here. The program in this context is the TypeScript compiler.

cargo check is WAY faster than go build

Working with both I can say that this is a big no, go mod is as fast if not faster, usually Go dep are much faster because Go does not import as much dependencies as Rust.

In Rust you only need to compile your dependencies once. After that it's just your app because dependencies don't change.

This may be true, but in my experience Rust is still slower to compile because monomorphization must be done for deps every time you compile, even for deps that are already compiled. And monomorphization ends up taking a long time because it is done on every type/function that uses generics, and Rust code tends to use generics very liberally.

that is also the case in Go…?

Sure, but the point is: don't be scared of dependencies in Rust.

Well the context was a comparison of pros and cons and you started with “in Rust” so perhaps you can see why it sounded like you were presenting it as a pro.