So in the article, the author was able to find the x- and y- coordinates of the other user. What if the target user lives in a high rise building, is there any technique you can get the height of the said user? Makes me wonder how the law enforcement is able to tri-angulate the suspect's exact location.
My somewhat educated guess would be that, firstly, cell tower triangulation includes altitude by necessity of measuring directly the reach of electromagnetic waves, whereas Telegram advertises the subset of users' GPS data that they choose to advertise, which is likely just lat-long. Secondly, law enforcement also likely has the cooperation of the administration of said high-rise building.
You can certainly triangulate in three dimensions, IF the distance displayed is the 3-dimensional distance rather than just the distance between two lat/long locations. You just need to sample an additional point that's not collinear with the first two.