Well here's some formulae:

    http://www.noteshare.io/section/the-fundamental-class-of-projective-space
    http://asciidoctor.org/docs/user-manual/#using-multiple-stem-interpreters
    http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/latex-filter.html
    http://dblatex.sourceforge.net/example/dblatex/example_mathml.pdf

As for references, it has it's own lightweight bibliography system out of the box, but there's a plugin[0] for BibTeX too, and DocBook has full-on support for BibTeX so it's just a matter of tooling. AsciiDoc gives you DocBook, and DocBook gives you pretty much everything.[1] The whole thing is completely extensible at multiple levels (macros, XSL stylesheets), so adding any essential features it doesn't already have is certainly much simpler than starting from scratch!

    [0]: https://github.com/petercrlane/asciidoc-bib
    [1]: http://pub.hdcrd.com/kb/Dev/Documention/LaTeX/Tool/Dblatex%20%28DocBook%20to%20LaTeX%20Publishing%29/0.3/manual.pdf