Not that I know of. This historical index actually has been in place for many many months, but Twitter just decided to publish this article recently. The API sometimes has less than a week of data, as little as 3-4 days I've noticed. And some days (like once every 3 months) it returns 50% less data, but so does the web app.
Yeah, this really isn't interesting to anyone except maybe their investors. If they provided this functionality in their API it would've been big news.
We'll if it is utilized for the web client, one could probably use the same urls calls twitter does in the background to get possibly get better real time tweets compared to the api, but I haven't tested it out yet to see if that is true, but probably one may have more flexibility doing that anyways with being able to make calls from multiple ip address and not having to worry about rate limiting by api key.