Didn't games like Duke Nukem 3d, post-Doom, Wolf games use what was called a scanline algorithm? Drawing the lines in the players FOV as you just stated and then using a clipping algorithm to keep unwanted information out. I think raycasting would be a type of scanline algorithm, but the technique is less primitive since your not using a proper 3d engine. It's a long time since I programmed games like this so am now a bit fuzzy on the specifics.