The name is FX-9590. It has 8 compute cores. AMD's internal designation for this generation is "Piledriver". They've chosen to name their high-end compute family after construction equipment (their previous were named after racing tracks). 5 GHz Max Turbo is also not part of the name, it is a description of its performance. It's "baseline" performance is probably something like 4GHz or something (pulling out of my ass). The Max Turbo refers to that using their thermal management system, they can peak at least one of their cores to 5GHz for some period of time. The "Max" is in there because there are intermediate turbo speeds for varying thermal situations and CPU loads.
AMD used to do something like this back in the K5 era. Instead of advertising megahertz, the processors were sold based on a "performance rating" which attempted to match them up to equivalent Pentium chips based on a set of benchmarks.
So a K5 PR-200 was actually a 133MHz chip, but it could match or exceed a Pentium 200MHz in some well-selected benchmarks.
There is no such thing as a _universally_ "relevant benchmark". They will never agree on a testing suite since performance varies too much. They have no reason to believe the test manufacturer is impartial.
The CPU has different clock speeds depending on how much it is being used. The upper limit is set by thermal and power constraints. If you're using all the cores, the limit is relatively low. If you're only using one or two cores, the power management system will clock them higher. Since the higher clock speed is only available under certain workloads, it's called "Turbo".
It was a wrestling move before it was a sex position. And the wrestling move was named after an actual tool to drive piles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_driver
Ridiculous name. Maybe if they put a 'Go faster stripe' on the top of the chip people will believe it goes even faster!