This article breaks it down well enough to make me feel like I could write my own C compiler targeting AVR. (I probably could... but it would not be easy.)
Never actually looked into how compilers work before, it's surprisingly similar/related to linguistics.
It's b/c when Chomsky invented the theory of formal grammars he was studying natural languages & the universality of abstract grammar¹. Computer scientists realized later that they could use the same theory as a foundation for formalizing the grammatical structures of programming languages.
Similar experience in DNA/genome analysis. A large part of DNA analysis was based on parser theory.
This paper was my introduction to DNA analysis as well as Chomsky hierarchy: https://www.jstor.org/stable/29774782 (I wasn't able to find a free copy).
IIRC, pseudoknots in RNA require context-free grammars to parse.
Never actually looked into how compilers work before, it's surprisingly similar/related to linguistics.