One thing worth note here - TPUs are optimized for a fairly constrained set of operations. Google’s had good success with them, but, like many of the other Google architectural choices, this will constrain Google’s technical choice space in the future - if they’ve gone all in on TPUs, future Google machine learning projects will be using the sets of operations the TPUs excel at because that’s what Google has a lot of, not necessarily because that’s the optimal choice. This will have knock-on effects across the industry due to Google’s significant influence on industry practice and technical direction.