It sounds like you've only ever written code without dealing with it in production. You can't always plug your code into an IDE when your debugging someone else's JVM app on a remote server.
Please - you can definitely do this in Java. Its been a standard basic feature of Java tooling for 25 years now. (Its the equivalent of saying that Rust doesn't have a package manager).
I strongly urge reading some elementary tutorials to educate yourself.
Java's debugging experience is better than any language out there - with the possible exception of Common LISP. I always cry when I need to debug a project written in another language after so much comfort using Java.
