Your brain does. It's not _one_ computer. It's dozens some interconnected and synchronized to others some with entirely independent control. It's why we have seizures, why optical illusions exist, and why you flinch when something moves at you in your peripheral vision.
That's debatable. To me declaring that the world was made in a simple way like this and just listen to the priests was reductionism of the wrong kind.
I know the kind you mean though, reducing external factors(like air), so you can isolate gravity as a force unrelated to density by finding out in a vacuum a feather and a metal ball fall with the same speed.
(As for the paper I have not yet made up my mind.)
I'm not sure why reductionism brings simplicity to anyones mind. Yes, you consider one thing at a time, but there are billions of such single things to explain. And isolating one is a challenge in its own right.
Yes but reductions have implicit or explicit assumptions. When our reductions give non-sensical results (10 bits/sec) we should not take these results seriously/understand them as an artifact of our reductions, rather than taking them seriously and giving them ontological existence.
Reductionism is setting everything but one thing aside and trying to figure out that one thing. Bringing in the second thing in only after you fail and trying again.
