To me, the way inputs and outputs are presented in nodegraph editors adds value on top of the benefits functional programming provides. You see the cascade of every change in real time. Change parameters and see every stage's new inputs and outputs as they're transformed.
If I added Logger.Log calls to show as much info, my console would be a blur. I wouldn't be able to click on a parameter in my log and change its value and see what the consequences were.
You can change values at a breakpoint, but that's a single moment in time. If your code's running at 60hz, breakpoints can feel like trying to solve a where's waldo through an electron microscope.
I have not came across any workflow in my IDEs that is as flexible and informative for the situations where nodegraph editors shine. If something comes to mind for you, I'd love to know about it.
There's no theoretical reason a text editor couldn't be made to show the same cross section of key information though. TempleOS is kind of like that lol.