>From what I know, it just about properly programming a math spec
Incorrect. The specification only concerns the bitstream and the decoding. Encoders are free to do whatever they want, as long as they produce a valid bitstream.
Of course, the implementations are going to have varying performance depending on code quality/optimisations but that's a given.
Edit: some other poster gave some cues to my question.
I guess you can do some trickery by decomposing the waveform before encoding and recomposing it.
It all boils down to the psychoacoustic model in the encoder. It determines how the bitrate is allocated to various parts of the spectrum, depending on the audio signal.
Incorrect. The specification only concerns the bitstream and the decoding. Encoders are free to do whatever they want, as long as they produce a valid bitstream.