The percentage of amount paid->amount received is not the appropriate number as it excludes the (very different!) tax rates on various kinds of consumption, however, it is reasonably straightforward to end up with a single number for the purposes of comparison - metrics like the total of all taxes/tarrifs/fees/etc vs total of all production(GDP).
Taxes vs GDP runs into the issue of ownership of assets not being limited to a single country. When Walmart/Amazon/etc pays taxes and issues a dividend some of that money is diverted from US stockholders but ~40% is diverted from foreign entities.
It’s an inherent advantage of corporate taxes over income taxes, you simply get more resources from the same burden on your citizens.
