At least two US Navy submarines were sunk by their own torpedoes making circular runs. The main failsafe mechanism disabled the detonators until the weapon had run out a certain minimum distance but obviously that wasn't effective in circular runs.
Clear the Bridge [0] was an autobiographical account of WW2 from the captain of the Tang. O'Kane covers the experience of this incident in the book.
While two US Navy subs were known to be sunk in this manner, there remain several subs not claimed by either Germany or Japan that just never returned.
https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2011/j...