It’s more precisely the difference between “rationalized” and “unrationalized” units.
You need a factor 4pi in either Gauss’ law or Coulomb’s law (because they are related by the area 4pi*r^2 of a sphere), and different unit systems picked different ones.
It’s more akin to how you need a factor 2pi in either the forward or backward Fourier transform and different fields picked different conventions.