Studying most things in most places is free of charge in Germany. Generally there'll be a mandatory fee that includes a public transport ticket and some administrative overhead (~300-400€/6 months).

Where do you get those numbers from?

When I studied (2014-2018) I paid 100-150€/semester Slight trend upwards, might be 200€ now

And that was in Munich, which tends to be expensive.

At least in Cologne they're regularly hitting 300 (https://verwaltung.uni-koeln.de/studsek/content/studium/ruec...). Dortmund was about ~340 last summer semester (https://www.tu-dortmund.de/storages/tu_website/Dezernat_4/De...). The 400 was just an uneducated guess for more expensive regions.

Oh https://www.lmu.de/de/workspace-fuer-studierende/1x1-des-stu....

LMU down to 85 for Munich While that doesn't include a full Semesterticket, it's cheaper than Dortmund without

In Poland state universities are free. You only need to pay for books, and they're reasonably priced (i.e. the textbooks prices are not extortionate like for example in the US), like normal books.