Cargo absolutely uses git, or else we wouldn't've had that thing where setting it to use the cli git instead of some reimplementation lead to massive speedups
What I mean is that it doesn’t use git as the source of truth for packages (unless you point at a git repo instead of crates.io). It does use a git repo for the index.
What they meant was probably, that you have the option to rely entirely on using git repositories for your dependencies or even just paths to other projects on your disk.
You can also setup your own dependency registry and only work with that.