The attack vectors are pretty much the same for other Linux kernel LPE exploits. The impact is also much alike: privilege escalation from unprivileged user to root user. Should be noted that the exploit can read/write any physical memory on the device, but uses it to become root user.

An important note is that the exploit requires nf_tables to be present, and unprivileged user namespaces. This can be checked with commands specified in the README.md file in the repo.

Notice however that the exploit contains a namespace escape, allowing it to break out of namespaces on vulnerable kernels. As said in the other comment, this possibly includes LXC containers and privileged Docker containers, but this is not tested and is purely an educated guess).

The namespace escape is included because it is a requirement for the KernelCTF program.

Attack vector requires local execution access and allows for escaping limited privileges like non-root user accounts and breaking out of (some?) namespace jails used by containers and sandboxing systems.