Yeah, you can. The file will be huge though and QGIS won't be performant. Somewhere like Tokyo will be ~400 MB in OSM's PBF format but will contain ~1,300 different types of features.

Seeing these listed in alphabetical order in a file explorer makes it easier to track down only what you need to build your map.

It could be you only end up using 150 MB of GPKG files and QGIS, even on an old laptop, would be performant.