I guess the real question is if they're generally effective?

For comparison, Australia theoretically has protections for whistleblowers. But it's unfortunately common for whistleblowers in practice to get royally shafted, have their life destroyed, (etc). :(

* https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-27/richard-boyle-case-go...

* https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-13/trial-date-for-afghan...