Usually you don't need to just know if there is an error or not -- sometimes you need to know what that error is. For example, an I/O error versus your image-is-too-small error -- you need to respond to the user differently. I've seen plenty of web apps that treat I/O errors and user input errors as a generic "an error happened" and that is completely wrong. Proper exception bubbling means none of that code that encounters the errors needs to necessarily know how to handle the error and your app always responds correctly.
That said, I don't use exceptions as much in JS because exception handling in JS is still very nascent. There's no base library of exceptions and telling different exceptions apart is not built-in to the language. In a language with more mature exception handling, it's a breeze.
You made the same mistake as the grandparent by assuming I/O means something more specific than it does. At any rate there isn't a good reason to bubble error objects out of the event handler and secondly even if you did you would have everything you need to fully describe the problem within the error object including the stack trace, event type, error message, and so forth.
Its an equivalent breeze in JavaScript as well unless you are fumbling through abstraction layers (frameworks) that eliminate the information you need.
Not at all. You don't have to describe anything when throwing an error because that's the point of exception inheritance. Second, the whole point of exceptions is to bubble them out of the handler(!) because otherwise you would use return values (like in Go).
Since you are saying that you have to describe the problem within the error object, it sounds like you must be you are parsing error messages and stack traces to figure out what the error is. That's not how exceptions are to be used and I think that's why you are not seeing why you would bubble errors.
In other languages, you don't have to do any of that nonsense because object identity is much stronger, but JavaScript uses prototypical inheritance so you can't really tell if an error is an ImageError or an IOError. Despite this issue, exceptions were added to the JavaScript language without resolving that problem. The reason why you have to worry about frameworks eliminating error information is because that problem wasn't resolved and so frameworks roll their own error handling and there is no standard.
Usually you don't need to just know if there is an error or not -- sometimes you need to know what that error is. For example, an I/O error versus your image-is-too-small error -- you need to respond to the user differently. I've seen plenty of web apps that treat I/O errors and user input errors as a generic "an error happened" and that is completely wrong. Proper exception bubbling means none of that code that encounters the errors needs to necessarily know how to handle the error and your app always responds correctly.
That said, I don't use exceptions as much in JS because exception handling in JS is still very nascent. There's no base library of exceptions and telling different exceptions apart is not built-in to the language. In a language with more mature exception handling, it's a breeze.