The incidents mentioned in the story would have been shared via first responder dispatchers. Seems like the way forward here would be for the city to make this data available to all driverless cars- maybe some sort of data registration with the city- and for the vendors to make it possible to drop these new hazards into the cars' maps promptly. I don't know how these systems work, or if they can work together, but I can write a computer program and there is clearly a looping input that is lacking in this system.
Mapping apps (Google/Wayze) already have a reporting feature for accidents and hazards, it doesn't seem like that big a leap to either providing first responders with something like or creating some kind of gamified crowd sourced version.