Would love to see someone recommend some beginner-friendly books to learn more about the theory behind this blogpost. Seems like a CS degree is the only straightforward way.
Patterson/Hennessy on Computer Organization and Hennessy/Patterson on Computer Architecture are considered foundational canon.
The implied expectation underlying "beginner-friendly" seems naively misguided; it's an advanced undergrad computer/software engineering topic in the most permissive sense, and the blog's prose appears to have been tailored with that minimum target audience in mind.