I’ve just set a white wallpaper on my iPad and the clock and date are displayed as block on white. On my dark wallpaper the clock and date are displayed inverted as white. This works with dark or light mode also with background dimming on or off.
On the same page is a Zoom option that gives you a magnifying pane you can move around, and I know there's a way to increase the system font size as well.
The icons and toolbar items do not scale up to respect my accessibility display/font settings.
even windows 10 allows me fine grained control over all UI sizing elements. but Apple apparently has other priorities.