You could enter a password using the Yubikey instead, provided there's a way to input a password. That might make brute-forcing a little challenging especially if you added tamper evidence and heat-sensitive fuses that blow if someone tries to open the case and modify the device. At that point you might be stuck brute forcing with a pen plotter.
Don't know about that but you can now use any U2F device (like an old or new Yubikey) to unlock your LUKS partition.
I don't think anybody is bruteforcing that.
EDIT: of course it doesn't help much if law enforcement gets your Yubikey : )