Laws permitting--and I assume any extended notice period would be/should be mutual--companies can put any appropriate terms in their employment contracts. But it's certainly not the norm in the US. I'd expect most common would be two weeks notice and you get paid out for any unused paid time off.

For most people, multiple months notice wouldn't work well. Either you quit without an offer in hand and spend half your remaining time job hunting or you have an offer but your potential new employer won't wait more than a month. I'd certainly think very hard before entering into such an arrangement as it would make getting a new job riskier.