My experience backing up up audio cds with Exact Audio Copy tells me that CD players have limited error correction facilities and using EAC is the only way to know! (read retail CD brand new get same as reference checksum, read same CD ten years later, mismatch errors popup on a few tracks), the FAQ on EAC gives some details on CD player capabilities - standalone audio CD players use oversampling and more but most don't tell you when it kicks in - there's typically only one small LCD/LED line of display.
https://www.exactaudiocopy.de/en/index.php/support/faq/
Well this gives me an idea for an interesting FPGA project. The early CD players, like Sony D-5 (I just looked at its service manual), have accessible recovered clock and data signals (they are buried in a chip for newer devices). It would not be too hard to make the EFM decoder, de-interleaver, and error corrector in an FPGA so that I can have these features.
How much would audiophiles pay to have a quality indicator on their CD player? Hmm...
Edit: Sony's CXD2500BQ shows error correction information on the pins- no FPGA needed.
CXD2500BQ is used in Onkyo's DX-7310
This company claims to have a product for this (but no pictures..), follow the links for their "CD Errormonitor":
