"Apple, Twilio, and a myriad of other companies cling to it like it's safe when it's not ..."
You're missing the point.
Twilio and Apple (et. al) are not using 2FA for you. It's not to protect you or to help you.
They are faced with a brutal and unceasing spam/scam/puppet onslaught. Forcing you to burn a physical SIM identity to create and maintain an account is just a blunt mechanism to slow this process down.
It is a way of attaching some costs to creating a (Twilio/Apple) account.
Partially, but it's also: you will pay for a phone number, you won't pay for icloud, etc. So, as a result a phone number is costs something like 10 cents for an attacker.
You're missing the point.
Twilio and Apple (et. al) are not using 2FA for you. It's not to protect you or to help you.
They are faced with a brutal and unceasing spam/scam/puppet onslaught. Forcing you to burn a physical SIM identity to create and maintain an account is just a blunt mechanism to slow this process down.
It is a way of attaching some costs to creating a (Twilio/Apple) account.
They're not doing it for you.