Too much autonomy can be too much of a good thing, but this is not universal, and when it turns out to be a bad thing, that says more about the group who has been given the autonomy than it does about autonomy itself.

A sibling comment talks about trust/skill, and these are factors that are more important than just focusing on autonomy as a stand-alone concept.

Open Source projects show both ends of this spectrum, with absolute autonomy yielding both amazing and mediocre results.