Installing a WordPress site is actually very straightforward, in fact the platform is famous for its 5 minutes install. What you are describing as hard to achieve is copying state that is kept in the database, but I don't think this is an inherent issue to WordPress. But if you are creating the entire site locally and want to deploy it to production, it seems that WordPress may jot be the right solution in your case, instead a static site generator would be more appropriate.
That's categorically untrue. Almost all websites are first developed by a developer on his local machine, and then when it's ready to showcase or put online, it will move to the 'real' domain. It is no different for WordPress, and it's true that moving a WordPress site from one domain to another is a bit of a headache.
It should be "gather all things, move it to another place, change the domain name somewhere", but instead it's "gather all things, move it to another place, change all the links, change the domain name in two different places, hope you didn't forget anything or made a mistake somewhere". There are plugins to help you do this though, but all-in-all it's an annoying inconvenience.
Maybe, but I do this on a weekly basis and even with complex custom sites/apps it takes me less than 10 mins to change the urls everywhere throughout the site/database. Decent plugins indeed exist to make this super simple.
