That does help a lot!

Of course, this is still not good enough. But the nice thing about things that are real is they eventually stand up to increasing levels of self-doubt and 3rd party verification... it’s an extraordinary result (because, of course, the Standard Model seems to be sufficient for just about everything else... so any verified deviation is extraordinary), and so funding shouldn’t be a problem.

A decent heuristic: Real effects are those that get bigger the more careful your experiment is (and the more times it is replicated by careful outsiders), not smaller.

The use of a secret frequency source not known to the experimenters is also a very good way to deal with potential bias.

"Separate" for slightly small values of separate. It's the same measurement approach, and using many components from the first experiment, so there could be correlated errors. But they made many fundamental improvements to the experiment, so it's great to see that the effect hasn't gone away.

The primary shared component is the ring/yoke. I worked in the same lab as a substantial team of g-2 scientists for the last decade and watched them come to this result. The level of re-characterization of the properties of the entire instrument was extremely extensive. If anything, one should regard the lessons that they have learned along the way as providing extra insight into the properties of the original BNL measurement.

To use a car analogy: This is as if you took someone's prize-winning race car, kept the moderately-priceless chassis, installed upgraded components in essentially every other sense (remove the piston engine, install a jet engine, remove the entire cockpit and replace with modern avionics, install entirely new outer shell, replace the tires with new materials that are two-decades newer...), put the car through the most extensive testing program anyone has ever performed on a race car, filled the gas tank with rocket fuel, and took it back to Le Mans.

I believe that the likelihood of a meaningful ring-correlated systematic, while still possible, is quite low in this case. The magnetic-field mapping, shimming, and monitoring campaigns, in particular, should give people confidence that any run-to-run correlated impact of the ring ought to be very small.