But if the rationale is compensating for things like redlining, then it doesn’t make sense to count Latinos in the “disadvantaged” category while counting Asians in the “advantaged” category. (The majority of the kids in the groups that the administrator deemed underrepresented were Latino, not Black.) Racist policies like redlining in the 1950s-1970s were not applied to Latinos any more than to Asians, and in fact were applied less so. (There was never anything comparable to the Asian Exclusion Act applied to immigrants from Latin America.) Moreover, Latinos have similar income mobility to whites. Latino families who have been in America since the 1960s and 1970s would have quite small income gaps compared to whites by now: https://academic.oup.com/qje/article/135/2/711/5687353.
It’s true that economic disparities can be caused by historical racism. But that’s not a basis for distinguishing Latinos from Asians, or really Latinos and Asians from Italians, Polish people, etc., who are similarly situated to each other.
I think trying to look at this through the lens of a single issue is doomed to fail. And frankly, the full scope is beyond what can be covered in a single HN discussion. Because there are a ton of intertwined issues, and many of them don’t have a neat line straight to “underperformance in schools”. It’s the “systemic” part of “systemic racism”.
If there is systemic racism then which system is racist? I think 99% of people nowadays would be fine fighting against such a system. Is it the school system, bank system, the government?
"Which system is racist?" is the wrong way to look at this. The point I'm trying to make is that there are many intertwined factors in play, and it may not be immediately apparent how some of them impact the issue.
Let me expand a bit on the two factors I mentioned above, redlining and taxes. In the US, schools are generally funded by local taxes. On its own, that wouldn't seem to cause racial education disparities. But the neighborhoods in which people congregate are affected by the legacy of redlining, in which Black people were segregated into neighborhoods with lower property values. As a result, children in those neighborhoods receive worse educations, which makes them appear less "gifted" when combined with other students in higher grades.
Those are of course not the only factors in play. But hopefully they illuminate how a seemingly benign program can entrench disparities created elsewhere.
> Let me expand a bit on the two factors I mentioned above, redlining and taxes. In the US, schools are generally funded by local taxes
That’s not true. Only half of school funding comes from local taxes. The other half comes from state and federal sources, and are targeted to level the differences in local funding. Including state funding, many school districts have progressive funding (with poor districts getting more per student than rich ones). https://apps.urban.org/features/school-funding-do-poor-kids-...
> Only half of school funding comes from local taxes.
That still leaves a lot of wiggle room for school revenues, and a lot of influence on those revenues (and, correspondingly, student education) by residents' economic class.
And further, just because the state/federal spending is "targeted to level the differences" doesn't mean it actually does so.
As a general rule, minority-heavy urban districts spend ~2x the $/student than middle-class white exurban districts in the same state. Definitely true in MA. Go check the numbers for your state, maybe it's an outlier, I don't know.
Money goes less far in the city and they have more issues to deal with, but the $/student is not "inequitable" to borrow a word.
I am a bit confused. You said it is systemic racism but can't provide a system (or systems) that are racist. I looked up the definition of systemic to ensure I wasn't missing something and it is "relating to a system, especially as opposed to a particular part." This clearly sounds to me that there needs to be a system involved. Perhaps systemic is not the correct word?
In relation to taxes: I don't think you read tne article. It says the standards are determined at the school level. That means how well students do at a school in a wealthier area is irrelevant to how they do in a school in a poorer area.
As for redlining, it is illegal. Even if you want to say there are historical issues that are still around today because of redlining, it wouldn't matter since the standards are school based not district widd based.
If it was district wide or statewide I would generally agree with you that there could be issues related to that. I do think that funds should be distributed based on number of students (and perhaps a bit of a difference due to cost of living for teachers) rather than based on property tax rates in that area. I don't know how Massachusetts (or Boston specifically) handles this so it could already be done how I described.
All three of those are subsystems of a broader overall system that makes up American society. It's that overall system that perpetuates systemic racism through a combination of factors in the myriad subsystems.
Addressing economic inequality along class lines would go a long way, since it's the economic system that has the strongest (or at least most tangible) impact right now. That doesn't do much to address lingering cultural issues, however.
> There was never anything comparable to the Asian Exclusion Act applied to immigrants from Latin America.
You mean other than ICE crackdowns just so happening to target Latinos? Or the exact same "they're stealing our jobs" rhetoric once used against Chinese immigrants now being applied to Latino immigrants? Do we wait until after Latino work crews are executed and buried in mass graves before we acknowledge there are some problems? Or maybe we wait until Latino neighborhoods get torched by populist mobs?
It’s true that economic disparities can be caused by historical racism. But that’s not a basis for distinguishing Latinos from Asians, or really Latinos and Asians from Italians, Polish people, etc., who are similarly situated to each other.