I think you'd probably find Urbit interesting - its goal is to solve that problem from first principles.

User IDs that cost a small amount of money, P2P by default baked into the OS design without the user having to deal with running a server.

It's still early, but it works and I've been playing with it.

I found this to be a decent introduction: https://hyperstition.al/post/urbit-an-introduction/

I've also commented about it here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24379319