Productive workplace discussion is not "the art of debating". Just listen respectfully and ask others to do the same. If you need to convince someone of something you should be able to ask them simple questions that lead them to your opinion. If you can't do that, you might not have the better idea. This approach will convince them and let them feel that it was their idea.
Debate is structured and, importantly, proctored to adhere to a rigorous set of standards for which the participants have prepared. It is helpful on an individual level but often not a good way to inform decisions.
I agree in theory, but I saw as well strong opinions held without real arguments, throwing "we always did that this way", or because the person is higher in the hierarchy so he's right. I think, in these cases, it can be useful to try at least to bring more solid arguments in the conversation.
Add to that list of strong opinions without real arguments: "It's standard/industry practise" or "because it's Agile", without a breakdown of merits as to why that is.
Debate is structured and, importantly, proctored to adhere to a rigorous set of standards for which the participants have prepared. It is helpful on an individual level but often not a good way to inform decisions.