The dark side is only dark from our perspective on earth. It still receives two weeks of sunlight a month.
If you wanted to minimize sunlight, you'd want to put a telescope at L2 [1], which is in fact where the James Webb Space Telescope will be deployed [2].
It's launch was recently pushed back from March to October of 2021 [3] (or [4] for non paywalled version)
And at L2, we'll never be able to upgrade it or even service if something were to go wrong before end of scheduled mission. Something on the moon would be much more accessible for upgrades or basic servicing missions. Even with 2 week on/2 week off schedule, it would be so useful. During those 2 weeks off, it would be charging its batteries. Never would it suffer from cloudy nights.
OTOH, a trip to the moon requires about 10x more fuel than going to L2. Although I suppose a moon telescope could synergize nicely with other lunar activities
Edit: I think I misread the table I was looking it, it's more like 2x or 3x instead of 10x, and that assumes a start from LEO
The dark side of the moon would be much better for a telescope array; given that the moon has no atmosphere and isn't seismically active, you could form a massive, scalable array with incredible resolution.
Most large telescope arrays (that I know of) are for radio astronomy, largely for geographical reasons (as far as I know).
Earth is a source of noise throughout the electromagnetic spectrum, so I think the benefits of building on the far side (eliminating Earth noise), will likely outweigh the costs (limited/more costly bandwidth).
I think a mixed array, consisting of "radio" and "light" telescopes could present very interesting possibilities, especially because you could dynamically allocate sparse sets of the array to different tasks.
All of that being said, I am an engineer (with an interest in array signal processing), not an astronomer.
I believe the dark side of the moon would be more apt for radio astronomy. The obvious reason being that the Moon is blocking interference of artificial radio signals on Earth.
The moon is interfering with radio signals? Doesn't this only happen if the moon is literally blocking line of sight? It seems like being outside of earth's atmosphere and ionosphere would be the biggest benefit for radio.
The moon is basically a giant reflector for (many bands of) radio. The reason the US government funded so many radio telescope arrays was to monitor Soviet ballistic missile tests, by looking at signals reflected off the moon.
