By taking $950/month from the middle-class, $2000/month from the upper-middle-class, and $200 from the lower class. And a couple of million/month from billionaires. (If you can't tax the billionaires, increase all the payments above by $40/month.)
You can't squeeze enough money out of the rich to give the middle class a free ride, there's not quite enough of it, and there's too much of a middle class.
Edit:
If you really want to tax the rich, don't tax their money, tax the things they own. Land value taxes. Taxes on stocks. The purpose of doing this shouldn't be to fund a social program, but to align the prosperity of the nation with their prosperity.
If the government were a passive shareholder in ~40% of the S&P 500, then the nation as a whole would directly benefit from 40% of the returns of capitalism. If we had land value taxes, then the nation would directly benefit from the high cost of land (Which currently is nothing but a cost, and a drag on the economy, and funds all sorts of rent-seeking, unproductive uses of land.) And would skim a good slice of the rent-seeking parts of the economy.
You can't squeeze enough money out of the rich to give the middle class a free ride, there's not quite enough of it, and there's too much of a middle class.
Edit:
If you really want to tax the rich, don't tax their money, tax the things they own. Land value taxes. Taxes on stocks. The purpose of doing this shouldn't be to fund a social program, but to align the prosperity of the nation with their prosperity.
If the government were a passive shareholder in ~40% of the S&P 500, then the nation as a whole would directly benefit from 40% of the returns of capitalism. If we had land value taxes, then the nation would directly benefit from the high cost of land (Which currently is nothing but a cost, and a drag on the economy, and funds all sorts of rent-seeking, unproductive uses of land.) And would skim a good slice of the rent-seeking parts of the economy.