In a US college in the 80s, the math professors definitely seemed to be in awe of the Russians when it came to this stuff. And though I was in the US, early on I was in an utter hardware wasteland, and I do think that not having much hardware access improved my ability to just sit and think about things with pencil and paper.
Similarly, working on products with no debugger and a single LED for a UI meant that I had to reason very carefully about how the code I wrote worked. If I made a mistake there would be no feedback other than the behavior of the product.
