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The term you're looking for is Forward Error Correction, send extra bits so you can lose a few along the way.


That takes care of lost information, but how do you reliabiliy filter out signal from noise? Can a simple FIR filter work in this situation?


FT8 syncs everyone's clock on 15s intervals, you can also send well known sequences at the start of a transmission and search for those.


FIR filter alone cannot do this, but combined with special coding like Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) does it pretty well. For example, CDMA and GNSS benefit from using DSSS.


More accurately, extra bits are added to the transmitted stream so that bit errors in the received signal can be corrected.


See also: information theory and channel capacity




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