GNU awk supports \< and \> for start and end of word anchors, which works for GNU grep/sed as well
GNU awk also supports \y which is same as \b as well as \B for opposite (same as GNU grep/sed)
Intererstingly, there's a difference between the three types of word anchors:
$ # \b matches both start and end of word boundaries
$ # 1st and 3rd line have space as second character
$ echo 'I have 12, he has 2!' | grep -o '\b..\b'
I
12
,
he
2
$ # \< and \> strictly match only start and end word boundaries respectively
$ echo 'I have 12, he has 2!' | grep -o '\<..\>'
12
he
$ # -w ensures there are no word characters around the matching text
$ # same as: grep -oP '(?<!\w)..(?!\w)'
$ echo 'I have 12, he has 2!' | grep -ow '..'
12
he
2!
awk(1) does not support word-boundary metacharacters https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=171725