At first glance I figured the problems would be something similar to Project Euler (projecteuler.net) which I have spent some time with. After reading up it seems to be more in line with topcoder competitions (http://www.topcoder.com/tc). Nonetheless I am glad this was brought to my attention and I will be brushing up on my skills to try it!
You may also find Sphere Online Judge: http://www.spoj.pl and http://acm.uva.es/archive/nuevoportal/ useful. Both contain problems from a multitude of sources, namely ACM-ICPC. I've never participated in the Google Code Jam, but presumably, these problems should serve you well.
I had a look at some of the previous questions and I must admit that this is way out of my league. I'll have to learn _a lot_ more about algorithms or enroll in university.