De-structuring syntax isn't required, this is just as easily type-checked:

    interface CopyArgs {
        src: string;
        dst: string;
    }

    function copy(args: CopyArgs) {
        exec(["cp", args.src, args.dst])
    }

Sure, if you want to get all interfacy - but pretty soon it'll be Java :)

Hah I thought that initially, but TypeScript interfaces are simpler (and usually co-sited) compared to their OO cousins. I find them a pleasure to use.

It can, manually (as it can for a non-destructured object), but it has no typing guarantees - the function will still happily be interpreted and run as long as _any_ object is given as an argument.