I think in career mode automation should be something you unlock. Not sure why it doesn't exist. Seems like a natural thing to be in the tech tree. Even as varying levels.
Modding community thinks so too. Like with many other mods, MechJeb can be restricted to operate only when appropriate parts are included on your vessel, and those parts are unlockable in the tech tree.
There's a mod called Community Tech Tree, which exists solely as a way to incorporate other mods into a somewhat coherent, extended tech tree.