Yes. For example the British arranged to cancel all German patents after ww2. This led to eg the development of the Japanese camera industry among many other things.

I fail to see the parallels between Germany after World War II and China in 2019. China's patent situation is much closer to Germany in the late 19th century and the British didn't throw away their patent system in the 19th century just because Germany patented more.

Yes, when those patents started pointing guns at British interests :)

Not a patent example, but there's a reason "asprin" is a generic term in the US.