Most of AWS, a lot of Google - as far as I know.

yes, and I had to pay for a lot of ram on servers because of it ;(

The creator of notch chose java because when he started minecraft he thought that would let it run in web browsers. He wouldn't choose java if he could do it over again.

Do you have the link to back up the statement about running in browsers? Notch is super talented. MC was released in 2009. No way, he didn't know about browsers and Java

Paying for RAM on servers is one of the cheapest ways you can pay for performance.

It is also one of the poorest performing games in the history of video games.