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Yes, but one has to buy another device, and only a limited number of companies support it at the moment [1]. It doesn't look like any of the banks I use, any of the credit cards I use, or the tax filing service I use support it. Not to mention that this website and other forums I log into aren't mentioned there either.

Some of those companies offer SMS or email based 2FA as an option.

In any case, every single one of those services allows me to connect using TLS where my browser verifies the server's identity via the CA bundle I have installed on my machine. I simply don't see why companies don't make the investment to support client-side TLS authentication or start supporting U2F.

> And there's no way to steal your key without physically getting the dongle.

I would contend that it's probably easier to steal the dongle as opposed to my machine at home.

[1] https://www.yubico.com/works-with-yubikey/catalog/



There are others which aren't listed there, like OVH (the largest European hosting company). The dearth of banks is real though. And sad.

I have only seen client-side certificates used twice. Once at now infamous StartSSL and second at a bank but for vendor access, not regular customers.

Its huge downside is that it's a second factor which doesn't protect against a compromised device.


Client-side certificates are widely used among the Estonian population btw. It's basically the rest of the world that has caused the need for U2F/TOTP because they can't deploy smartcards with certs to users.


There's a wiki page that describes the authentication process in Estonia: https://eid.eesti.ee/index.php/Authenticating_in_web_applica...


> Its huge downside is that it's a second factor which doesn't protect against a compromised device.

That's true, but I think that if people used an encrypted private key (protected by a passphrase), then that would be less of an issue.




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