> JVM - Bytecodes only for Java

Although it should be mentioned that java language semantics are largely (depending on how you measure them :-) absent from the jvm. (Default methods were a very unusual change in that respect)

And, as you say, subsequent history has weirdly inverted the JVM and CIL. The former is a lot less 'J' and the latter is a lot less 'C' ;-)

I would bet that there's a lot higher rate of .NET users running VB.NET than there are JVM users running Scala/Clojure/Kotlin. They just don't tend to be the sort to post to Hacker News.

But there are probably more CPUs running non-java JVM languages ;-) It all depends what you count, as usual.

(I was really referring to the healthy non-java jvm language community. JRuby, Scala, and Clojure have lively communities and commercial backing)

Although this might really be true, I am skeptical that this has something to do with the inherent design of the Java bytecode compared to the CIL.