Yes, they're very common in build.sbt files. How else would you add library dependencies?
I know exactly what they do; the underlying reasoning is very consistent, maybe even elegant. But if you don't know and need to understand/modify a build.sbt file, it's very tricky to find out.
Most of the time, there is := (set something), += (add something) and ++= (add multiple things). I think that's pretty straight-forward.