nothing justifies debian making you `apt-get install apt-transport-https` over `http` before you can add your own repos which are https only of course. but hey, it's debian.
If you need 10kg Lithium for one Powerpack (100g Li for 1kWh), you need about 500 times more Li on planet earth to have enough Powerpacks for everyone? Nice solution for mankind. But we will go to Mars anyways.
We are currently mining about 600,000 tones of lithium per year. That's enough for 60 million powerpacks per year. I really don't think that it's one powerpack per person, these are utility scale installations. If it's 1 powerpack per 10 people, it'd only take 10 years are current lithium extraction rates to build enough for 6 billion people.
There is an estimated 2.55 × 10^10 kg potentially economically extractable lithium available on the Earth. At current extraction rates that's "gone" in 42 years. Fortunately, lithium is recyclable.
But Earth itself, no, your figures are way off. There is 2.3 * 10^14 kg in seawater alone.
Thanks, interesting article. Just read it briefly yet, but it looks like it's author summs up with that there is not even enough Li for building batteries for some billion cars.
I don't think its recyclable in any efficient way - smelting wont do it, it has to be complex chemistry. More complex than mining was originally. So we're not going to do that until mining quits working.
There are 14,000,000 tonnes of identified reserves. There may be more, we just haven't identified them yet.
Estimates for the Earth's crustal content range between 20 ppm and 70 ppm. Using 20 ppm and the mass of the Earth's crust being more than 2 * 10^19 tonnes, it would be (20/10^6) * (2*10^19) = 400,000,000,000,000 tonnes of Li.
So although we'll only ever be able to mine a small fraction of that, I still think it's safe to assume that we are not capped at 14 million tonnes.
From all I have read, lithium supply does not seem to be a major concern [1]. But if your numbers are correct, note that the currently mined lithium reservers are 14,000,000 tonnes [2]. 1 tonne lithium then gives you 10MWh of capacity. So 140PWh sounds like a lot of capacity, and this assumes we just stick to places that are currently minded and don't explore alternatives like extraction from seawater [3].
Your statement only makes sense if you have the strange assumption that something that is a good solution for an isolated island is also a good solution for everybody else.
On large continental grids you can do a lot of things to reduce the need for battery storage, e.g. transporting power over distances, demand side management in large factories and using other terrain-dependent storage technologies like pumped water storage.
Certainly at some point fixed installations will move to sodium. But this is not now, and when we get to that point, we'll be able to get the lithium back to reuse on something else.
I don't think users really want the wheel to be reinvented. More like companies try to lock you in on their tech and make money with you. Fragmentation? CEO gives a shit.
As seen on a the screenshot for the new notification center calendar, the Life of an Apple user begins at 10:00 with a crossfit session. After that it is not that you go to work then. Relaxing talk with Anne on the phone, maybe talking a little business on the side, but not to rough. After Lunch you do not start to work either. Just let out all those wise thoughts gathered while living your apple lifestyle in a fresh stream, like you do.
